The Citizen Established 1916 A DIVISION OF NORTHWEST PUBLICATIONS LIMITED A N SKAE Editor W L GRIFFITH Publisher A H KEITH Advertising Manager Published five days a week at 150 Brunswick Street Prince George BC A member of The Canadian Press the Canadian Daily Newspaper Publishers Association and the Audit Bureau of Circulations Authorized as second class mail by the Post Office Department Ottawa for payment of postage in cash Changes of address and undeliverable copies to be mailed to PO Box 578 Prince George BC Return postage guaranteed PRINCE GEORGE BRITISH COLUMBIA WEDNESDAY NOVEMBER 6 1968 All Canadian governments have in the past year faced growing difficulty In bor borrowing ¬ rowing the money they need to balance their accounts This is a relatively new ex experience ¬ perience for most of them rates since the war have gone up and down but buyers have always been there to take up new government issues Yet in spite of paying record in interest ¬ terest rates in 19C8 Cana Canadian ¬ dian governments are reluc reluctantly ¬ tantly having to face the fact that their traditional Cana Canadian ¬ dian sources of funds are running dry How has this rather fright frightening ¬ ening situation developed Last week we discussed one special aspect of this prob problem ¬ lem the disad disadvantages ¬ vantages of the n federal gov government ¬ ernment in competing with other borrow borrowers ¬ ers Govern Government ¬ ment ofCaruda Fullerton bonds establish the floor rate of interest and other borrowers pay just enough more to attract buyers away from Canadas into their bonds As a result Ottawa is limited largely to two markets the banks whose purchases of Canada bonds are nude possible by Dank of Canada expansion of the money supply and the public through Canada Savings Bonds We suggested last week that the federal government could find more money for housing by consciously downgrading the quality of its instruments thereby en enabling ¬ abling it to compete more effectively with other bor borrowers ¬ rowers for available short term funds However the principle has a much broad broader ¬ er application than simply financing more houses Ot Ottawa ¬ tawa desperately needs new sources of cash to escape its dangerous dependency on the banks and Canada Savings Donds The inflationary implica implications ¬ tions of excessive expansion in the money supply are well known Indeed many people believe that the Dank of Can Canada ¬ ada has permitted a much faster monetary expansion than it deemed desirable 40Ti in less than three years simply because federal defi deficits ¬ cits had to be financed and chartered bank buying was the only feasible method As for Canada Savings Donds the massive sie of the current advertising campaign highlights the ex extent ¬ tent of government depen dependence ¬ dence on this borrowing me medium ¬ dium Unfortunately the publics holdings of CSDs lias actually fallen over the past three years despite new issues sales in the bil A Good Start The Union of British Columbia Municipalities may decide that its membership will have to fight fire with fire The executive body of UBCM has been warned that the Canadian Union of Public Employees locals of which are currently on strike at Kamloops Vernon and Kelowna are much better equipped with paid negotiators than are the municipalities CUPE it appears maintains a sub substantial ¬ stantial force of paid negotiators organizers and researchers and thus the employee locals are in a strong position to make headway with their contract demands UBCM is now being urged that in order to protect the interests of the taxpayers municipalities must be able to bargain as effeciently as the unions According to Mayor Peter Wing of Kamloops the union there had im imported ¬ ported tough negotiators from across Canada to help enforce its demands with some bargaining sessions attended by as many as 20 union representatives UBCM is rightfully concerned for the future of municipal labor negotia ations And so should taxpayers be Be Because ¬ cause one thing is sure it is the tax taxpayer ¬ payer who will be stuck with the bill no matter who wins Sixteen Years Plus If there is anything deceptive about Premier Bennett it is age At 68 he could easily pass for a 58-year-old Unkind critics would label him a two-year-old because of his antics But regardless of what they say about him there is one thing he does well He looks after himself He doesnt smoke and he doesnt drink Nor is he known to trip the light fantastic His only vice it seems is his addic BONDS tion to the game of bridge And bridge hardly rates as a vice any more It is hardly surprising therefore when he claims hes prepared to head the Socred party for another 16 years thus putting and end to the speculation that he is contemplating retirement Mr Bennett may be able to survive another election but unless he has discovered the fountain of youth he shouldnt expect or want to stay in office more than another term And Borrowing lions The money Ottaws lions The money Ottawa raises In this way Is also very expensive when one takes into account the ad advertising ¬ vertising costs and selling commissions in addition to the current C 34 rate The precise cost of new money raised is difficult to deter m ine in part because of the lower interest rate in the first year and the roll over content cashing in of old CSDs to buy the new issue but it is certainly 7 percent and probably more This mind you for call money the owner of a CSD can cash it in at any time In fact the federal government is paying more for its borrow borrowing ¬ ing on a callable basis than do the banks or almost any corporation in Canada which borrows on a call in the money market Clearly a more imagina imaginative ¬ tive approach to the fed federal ¬ eral governments borrow borrowing ¬ ing operations is badly need needed ¬ ed in Ottawa But even given this one major problem for all Canadian governments will still persist the grow growing ¬ ing unwillingness of invest investors ¬ ors to buy long term bonds This hits the provinces par particularly ¬ ticularly lurd because their main borrowing instrument over the years has been the long term bond generally one which matures in twenty years or longer Ottawa has been less affected because Letter Dear Sir As a parent I would like to direct this letter to the atten attention ¬ tion of all those responsible for the direction of the Minor Hockey League In Prince George The men who are devoting their time and effort to coaching the young boys this year deserve a real vote of thanks Any parents who have witnessed the training pro program ¬ gram this year will bo aware of the benefits that can be de derived ¬ rived and fortunately there are people still enough con concerned ¬ cerned to attempt to upgrade the calibre of hockey by giv giving ¬ ing their time to help boys learn the right techniques R D Rctwe Letters to the editor must be brief and to the point The Citizen may edit let letters ¬ ters for brevity legality and good taste A pen name may be used but all letters must be signed for reasons we have men mentioned ¬ tioned it has been effectiv effectively ¬ ely shut out of the long term market Federal ef efforts ¬ forts from time to tlma to market long term issues have met with little success and have in addition affected the market adversely In the event there are now out outstanding ¬ standing only about 2700 million Canada bonds with a maturity of over 10 years The author of The Bond Market in Canada Douglas Fullerton finds there are serious flaws in Canadas borrowing operations in this first of a series on the bond market compared to 5500 million at the end of 10G1 Dut the provinces re remained ¬ mained wedded to long term issues as their principal source of financing and they must view the growing mal malaise ¬ aise in that market with apprehension Yet it is diffi difficult ¬ cult to see much hope for any change In investor atti attitudes ¬ tudes or in the trend away from long term bonds Bond holders have been badly burned over the past decade by the fall in the value of money and the recent accel acceleration ¬ eration in the rate of price Increases appears likely to hurt them even more in the future Is it any wonder that they arefinallygettlngwise Next week How govern governments ¬ ments will have to change their approach to the market Some new incentives will be needed Canadian PARK TILFORD distilleries ltd -J YSvtrr pT7 t4tHB TL5QRAM Simple Theyre trying to say THEY cant make ends meet either THE CZECHS OTTAWA TNS Though the legitimate heir of an an ancient ¬ cient kingdom the terri territorial ¬ torial and political entity created by the Czechs and Slovaks in 1918 had to start organizing itself from scra scratch ¬ tch There was no native dy dynasty ¬ nasty to bind the reconstruc reconstructed ¬ ted state together no nation national ¬ al aristocracy feudal or ec economic ¬ onomic no militarist tradi tradition ¬ tion and no entrenched ad administrative ¬ ministrative machinery Nor was there a uniform econ economic ¬ omic and social base for smooth and homogeneous development After almost a thousand years under Magyar dom domination ¬ ination Slovakia was in every respect far behind the industrialized Czech lands of Bohemia Moravia and Sil Silesia ¬ esia and the whole country was saddled with the problem of strong German and Hun Hungarian ¬ garian minorities which had suddenly lost the privileged position they enjoyed as the dominating races oftheAus-tro-Hungarian empire All these factors forced Czechoslovakia to take an experimental pragmatic ap approach ¬ proach to its organization and despite the centuries of enforced Catholicism crea created ¬ ted a feeling of spiritual affinity with the Protestant ethics of the Anglo Saxon democracies This trend reinforced by the nationalistic revival of the historical undertones of Hussitism and humanism moulded the political cli climate ¬ mate of the republic It was on the whole a high highly ¬ ly moralistic climate de devoid ¬ void of revolutionary zeal and marked by abhorrence of violence National lib liberation ¬ eration came without blood bloodshed ¬ shed and satisfaction of the economic aspirations of the predomlnatly proletarian and petty bourgeouls popula population ¬ tion required no social up upheavals ¬ heavals The first general election in 1920 was convincingly won by the Social Democratic Party which in todays terms advocated a wel welfare ¬ fare state This with some variation in economic pri priorities ¬ orities was also the pro program ¬ gram of all the other major parties including the sub subsequently ¬ sequently predominant Ag rian Party The whole political spec spectrum ¬ trum with the exception of the Communist Party which never polled more than 10 percent of the popular vote Ihii idicriitimcnt ti not published or dupisjtd by thi liquor Control Board or by tho Covornmont of Britnh Columbia Hi W4 PARKTIIFORD 11840 RESERVE frtmki 7f4up 1840 RESERVE cnnnoinn whisky BORN IN BC HONOURED ACROSS CANADA An Assessment during the pre Munlch per period ¬ iod thus fornrjd a fairly compact left-of-centre clus cluster ¬ ter subscribing essentially to the same social reform philosophy of evolutionary democratic gradualism that dominates Canadas present political pattern What was lacking how however ¬ ever was the strong element of middle class Individual Individualism ¬ ism which based on the strength of private enter enterprise ¬ prise in business farming and the professions pro provides ¬ vides the backbone of econ economic ¬ omic and political stability of the Anglo Saxon dem democracies ¬ ocracies After centuries of foreign domination and exploitation the Czechs and especially Too much reliance on their countrys presi president ¬ dent made the Czechs vulnerable to outside pressures the more oppressed Slovaks s imply did not have a robust independent middle class In 1918 the Slovaks even lacked thier own Intelligent Intelligentsia ¬ sia for implementing the aut autonomous ¬ onomous aspirations of the eastern province which is only now acquiring an equal status In what seems to be a new federal Czech Slovak partnership Those unavoidable short shortcomings ¬ comings which in the esti estimation ¬ mation of Thomas G Mas aryk the great philosopher of humanitarian democracy who become the republics first president would have required at least 50 years of peaceful evolution to ov overcome ¬ ercome proved to be one of the major weaknesses of Czechoslovakia during the international storm of the late 1930s The other big handicaps were the non Slavic minor minorities ¬ ities particularly the 3 000000 Sudeten Germans who though treated with un unparalleled ¬ paralleled political and cul cultural ¬ tural fairness largely suc succumbed ¬ cumbed to the lures and pressures of Hitlers chauv chauvinism ¬ inism and the republics unbounded faith in the effi efficacy ¬ cacy of its France based system of defence built by the foreign minister and Masaryks eventual succes successor ¬ sor Dr Eduard Benes In the absence of a strong individualistic middle class C zechoslovaklas democrat democratic ¬ ic institutions grew in an atmosphere of excessive deference to authority which i - i k - wm lubor Zink by general con consensus ¬ sensus though not by consti constitution ¬ tution was vested in the president hJjL This reliance krTr on the guidance iferj 1 of one man wuiKeu extre extremely ¬ mely well dur during ¬ ing Masaryks tenure of office which coin coincided ¬ cided with relatively calm international conditions Benes inherited the role of venerated moral leader leadership ¬ ship but when mounting out outside ¬ side pressures proved too much for one nun to shoul shoulder ¬ der Czechoslovakia was crushed with him during the Munich crisis The same reliance on the ability of the president to cope singlehandedly with any political situation cropped up again and proved fatal a decade later duringtheCom munlst coup in 1948 While it is highly Impro Improbably ¬ bably that the two disasters could have been averted had there been less reliance on the presidents decision decisionmaking ¬ making process at critical moments It is my consid considered ¬ ered opinion that it was the absence of tough individu individualistic ¬ alistic fibre in the politi political ¬ cal body of the nation which accounted for much of the countrys meek and morally debilitating acceptance of the totalitarian blows of 1938 and 1948 Under the brutal Commu Communist ¬ nist dictatorship of the past 20 years the presidency lost its prestige and moral weight and the new generation which grew up during that period had nothing but contempt for what It perceived to be an Inhuman and utterly corrupt authority These two factors I be believe ¬ lieve account for much of what has been happening in Czechoslovakis this year both before and after the Soviet occupation Morris Gehrman Sons Ltd Without Hairpiece With Hairpiece HAItt CAN MAKE OR BREAK A MAN Ycu can have the most perfect features possible but if your head is barren forget it The best time to buy a hairpiece is in the early stages of baldness the change will not be Sj radical and you can enjoy all the benefits it a full head of run Better quality hairpieces undetectable fully guaranteed For a private confidential contultation telephone collect for an appointment Vancouver 681 0815 Evenut 3rd weekend appointmerts can be aranged EXCLUSIVE HAIRSTYUNG FOR MEN BY MORRIS JOHN MCRRIS GEHRMAN a SONS LTD Hairgoods Consultants 102 me anine floor 510 W Hastingi Vancouver 2 B C Heate tend me your free brochure in a plain envelope Name Address Invite Them In The universality of student unrest is one of tho pheno phenomena ¬ mena of these times In coun country ¬ try after country in some with violence and tragedy the young are expressing discontent with their schools and their societies A large part of the problem in Can Canada ¬ ada and elsewhere simply seems to be that the student generation has lacked aven avenues ¬ ues of communication with its elders If that is the case there could be great significance in a step taken by the Board of Governors of Torontos nyerson Polytechnical Insti Institute ¬ tute The step which could be an example to other Insti Institutions ¬ tutions of higher learning has been to ask the students to sit In with their elders in setting policy Two senior students and two faculty members have been ap appointed ¬ pointed to the Ryerson Board of Governors It was In response to ob obvious ¬ vious social needs that Ryer Ryerson ¬ son Polytechnical Institute was founded nearly twenty years ago board chairman W M Kelly explained In making the announcement and its status as the first school of its kind In Canada has not been overtaken It Is therefore wholly fitting that it should continue to give leadership In meeting new conditions as they appear The speed and nature of change in our society have required many adjustments in the life of both persons and institutions In fact the continued existence of well established elements of our social order is at stake in the acceptance of new ap approaches ¬ proaches required by condi conditions ¬ tions and aspirations not Im Imagined ¬ agined just a few years ago It Is in keeping with the logic of these developments that the Board came to Its decision on student partici participation ¬ pation on the Board These students to be selected by a general vote of the student body of the Institute will take their places as indi individual ¬ vidual memlwrs with the same status and responsi responsibility ¬ bility as the other members of the Board Tho final point made by Mr Kelly needs to be pon pondered ¬ dered by both students and their elders The Board recognizes that the students are on the verge of indepen independent ¬ dent adulthood and within a year or two will take their places in society as self supporting citizens with all the responsibilities that sta- By C J Harris tus implies The Board as assumes ¬ sumes that a positive contri contribution ¬ bution to the affairs of the Institute may be made by these new members and that policies and decisions of the Board will bo established more effectively through the expression of the special point of view which is being sought by this action Response of the Ryerson students was as adult as Mr Kelly anticipated One stu student ¬ dent leader who later modi modified ¬ fied his poisltion criticised the appointment of only two students tothe 12 man Board and called for equal student representation The college newspaper which tartly commented that student power Is not as Important to students as It Is to some of their leaders silenced the few critics with this logic Since Ryerson students are not ready to run a giant cor corporation ¬ poration as soon as they graduate how can they hope to run a multimUllon dollar operation like Ryerson even before they graduate It may not apply elsewhere but for Canada a reasonable approach by school author authorities ¬ ities to senior students cri criticisms ¬ ticisms would seem to be to ask them in Perceptive Man Although he has been Pre Premier ¬ mier only a matter of weeks Quebecs Jean Jacques Ber trand can hardly be describ described ¬ ed as an amateur In politics He has been around long en enough ¬ ough to have acquired a fairly reasonable awareness of what the public wants It is of great significance then that he has decided to endorse a committee report urging abolition of religious divisions in the Montreal Is Island ¬ land school system as part of the campaign strategy for two crucial by - elections December 4 In Bagot and Notre Dame de Grace The by elections will determine whether Mr Bertrands Un- The Globe and Mail Toronto ion Nationale Government will have a majority or min minority ¬ ority status in the Quebec Legislature The Government - ap appointed ¬ pointed committee also rec recommended ¬ ommended a complete over overhaul ¬ haul of the school system two non - denominational boards and guarantee of rights of English language schools All this will no doubt please English - speaking Quebec residents who con constitute ¬ stitute CO per cent of the electorate in Notre Damede Grace Mr Bertrand however does not seem to be so myo myopic ¬ pic as tooffendtherestofthe province by placating the voters of Notre Dame de Grace His timing suggests that Indeed much of French speaking Quebec Is prepared to do away with the old re religious ¬ ligious divisions in the schools The thrust with which Quebec has moved and continues to move must be as astonishing to many Quebeckers as It is to Canadians MORTGAGE MONEY If you have invested money in a home it is probably the best cc- lateral you have For example by using this equity at Seaboard Finance most homeowners can obtain a lower interest rate than is possible on a personal loan And at Seaboard you can borrow up to 80 jf the value of your property or in some cases even more See us for cash today MANAGER Vernon Beairsto 1350 Fifth Ave Prince George BC PHONE 5631564 SEABOARD FINANCE COMPANY OF CANADA LIMITED BCTUBERCULOSIS -CHRISTMAS SEAL SOCIETY In this area you will receive a contribution card with your CHRISTMAS SEALS this year It is part of a new look for the campaign and is being introduced for the first time to certain areas only Please include the card with your gift marking in the box the amount Then we will be sure to have an accurate record of it PLEASE RETURN THIS CARD is incloied WITH YOUR CONTRIBUTION CHRISTMAS SEAL CAMPAIGN t Mr nd Mr John Dot 1 1234 A Street 37 Your City BC 1258 aocnrv KiA7l 17 CHRISTMAS SEALS FIGHT TUBERCULOSIS AND OTHER CHEST DISEASE