5000
BC
Various
cultures
inhabited
area
The
Prehistory
of
the
Central
Interior
of
BC
by
D
Hudson
Instructor
of
Anthropology
College
of
New
Caledonia
The
emphasis
on
industrial
changes
in
the
central
interior
in
the
past
decade
has
overshadowed
the
fact
that
there
were
viable
native
cultures
for
thousands
of
years
present
in
this
area
prior
to
white
penetration
in
the
late
18th
century
Most
of
these
cultures
were
well
adapted
to
the
river
and
forest
resources
of
the
area
with
seasonal
movements
and
population
dispersals
related
to
these
ecological
factors
Many
of
the
details
remain
obscure
but
it
is
possible
to
present
a
sketchy
and
also
speculative
framework
of
human
occupation
of
the
interior
of
British
Columbia
Glaciation
provides
a
baseline
for
habitation
prior
to
approximately
10000
years
ago
the
central
interior
was
in
part
under
several
thousands
of
feet
of
ice
With
deglaciation
about
10000
years
ago
the
reduction
of
the
glaciated
areas
provided
entryways
into
the
interior
from
both
the
north
and
south
of
the
province
In
the
archaeologi
archaeological
¬
cal
record
these
movements
of
people
are
represented
by
the
physical
remains
of
their
material
culture
the
presence
of
small
stone
blades
called
microblades
from
the
north
Yukon
and
Alaska
and
notched
points
from
the
south
Columbia
Plateau
and
Plains
Microblades
haftedin
antler
sleeves
or
mounted
lengthwise
on
wooden
shafts
suggest
a
hunting
culture
with
extensive
use
of
wood
and
antler
or
bone
notched
points
were
likely
hafted
on
spear
or
arrow
shafts
for
hunting
In
regions
around
PrinceGeorge
there
is
evidence
sug
suggesting
¬
gesting
great
antiquity
for
various
cultures
a
7500
year
sequence
has
been
recorded
for
the
middle
Fraser
River
area
The
archaeological
record
suggests
that
following
deglaciation
about
7000
BC
the
Interior
Plateau
was
occupied
by
hunting
and
gathering
groups
moving
north
northward
¬
ward
out
of
the
Columbia
Plateau
and
a
later
movement
down
the
Fraser
River
valley
from
the
north
commencing
around
5000
BC
The
Hazelton
area
has
evidence
of
occu
occupation
¬
pation
dating
to
approximately
3500
years
ago
and
now
flooded
shorelines
of
lakes
in
Tweedsmuir
Park
may
have
been
occupied
as
early
as
500
BC
The
relationship
of
these
early
occupation
sites
to
contemporary
or
historic
native
cultures
the
historic
period
in
the
Central
Interior
dates
to
1793
is
one
of
the
major
problems
of
archaeology
pre
present
¬
sent
cultures
are
likely
the
result
of
population
movements
into
the
area
in
the
last
1500
years
due
to
for
example
environmental
changes
for
example
the
period
from
roughly
6000
BC
to
3000
BC
was
warmer
than
today
with
the
grasslands
extending
farther
north
than
their
present
locations
or
sequential
movements
set
up
when
groups
in
one
area
began
to
expand
such
as
the
westward
move
movement
¬
ment
of
Cree
speaking
bands
across
the
northern
prairies
and
woodlands
about
300
years
ago
This
movement
initiated
by
the
acquisition
of
guns
by
Crees
trading
into
Hudsons
Bay
kept
the
west
in
a
state
of
flux
for
centuries
The
archeological
record
reveals
that
about
2000
years
ago
a
hunting
and
fishing
subsistence
pattern
with
large
village
sites
of
several
large
rectangular
lodges
or
circular
semi
subterranean
houses
in
proximity
to
good
fishing
areas
had
been
established
in
the
Central
Interior
and
with
regional
variations
continued
into
the
historic
period
The
subsistence
cycle
revolved
around
the
fall
salmon
runs
winter
ice
fishing
and
hunting
and
spring
and
summer
hunting
fishing
and
berry
gathering
Population
aggrega
aggregations
¬
tions
and
dispersals
partially
had
economic
motivations
the
concentrations
offish
resources
in
the
fall
in
specific
locales
necessitated
the
cooperation
of
a
village
in
the
con
construction
¬
struction
and
maintenance
of
a
fish
weir
Fall
villages
were
also
focal
points
for
ceremonial
and
social
activities
Resource
exploitation
during
the
rest
of
the
year
was
car
carried
¬
ried
out
by
smaller
groups
perhaps
two
or
three
related
familiesThe
duration
of
occupation
of
the
villages
was
a
combination
of
several
ecological
factors
the
duration
and
intensity
of
the
salmon
runs
and
the
amount
dried
the
availability
of
firewood
for
the
late
fall
and
winter
and
the
availability
of
other
food
resources
The
subsistence
cycle
was
basically
one
of
seasonal
movements
to
specific
resource
zones
within
a
geographical
area
with
maximum
population
concentrations
at
the
fall
villages
The
fur
trade
about
200
years
ago
altered
this
pattern
for
some
groups
with
a
longer
occupation
at
villages
near
trading
posts
or
beaver
producing
areas
increased
trade
between
coastal
and
interior
groups
and
a
change
to
a
hunting
and
trapping
economy
The
present
native
inhabitants
of
the
Central
Interior
the
Carrier
Chilcotin
and
Sckani
Indians
are
members
of
the
Athabascan
language
family
as
arc
the
Navajo
of
the
southwest
USA
Linguistic
data
suggests
that
the
Car
Carrier
¬
rier
and
Chilcotin
were
part
of
a
spread
of
Athabascan
speaking
groups
from
the
Yukon
Alaska
region
in
the
past
1500
years
to
650
years
The
Sekani
appear
to
moved
up
the
Peace
River
into
British
Columbia
about250
to
200years
ago
as
part
of
general
post
trade
movements
initiated
in
part
by
the
expansion
of
the
Crqe
Archeological
sites
upon
which
mostof
the
above
recon
reconstruction
¬
struction
is
based
represent
irreplacable
information
on
past
cultures
for
this
reason
excavation
may
be
carried
out
only
under
a
permit
issued
by
the
provincial
govern
government
¬
ment
Sites
arc
also
protected
by
law
under
the
Archeologi
Archeological
¬
cal
and
Historic
Sites
Protection
Act
IN
PRINCE
GEORGE
THE
CITIZEN
-
Friday
July
27
1973
-
23A
ALL
FAITHS
BUILD
FOR
THE
FUTURE
From
its
very
beginning
Prince
George
has
enjoyed
the
Providential
Blessing
of
Harmony
among
the
many
faiths
of
its
citizens
Joining
together
in
the
Brotherhood
of
Man
the
citizens
of
Prince
George
have
laboured
to
create
a
strong
moral
fibre
that
has
lasted
through
the
years
In
contemplating
both
the
past
and
the
future
Attend
Regularly
ST
MARYS
PARISH
1100
Block
Freeman
Street
Rev
O
P
Mohan
Rev
B
ORourke
Rev
N
Cooney
564
4097
ST
GILES
PRESBYTERIAN
CHURCH
15th
and
Edmonton
564
6494
or
563
3410
or
964
4846
PENTECOSTAL
TABERNACLE
Corner
of
5th
Ave
and
Ospika
Blvd
Rev
and
Mrs
J
C
OBrien
Pastors
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7425
MT
TABOR
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1
Highway
16
E
United
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Canada
Rev
Thomas
O
Mercer
963
7083
GRACE
BAPTIST
CHAPEL
3590
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Dr
Rev
Mike
Stuckey
962
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PARISH
Vanderhoof
Highway
964
4559
Rev
Clenaghan
ST
ANDREWS
UNITED
CHURCH
3555
-
5th
Ave
563
9167
Rev
Glen
J
Betts
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MICHAELS
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ANGELS
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1505
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Rev
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4201
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Weaver
563
5237
SACRED
HEART
CATHOLIC
CHURCH
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Blvd
Oblate
Fathers
562
2300
Prince
George
EVANGELICAL
FREE
CHURCH
5th
at
Wainwright
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Phone
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5889
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Rev
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Deitrick
Phone
564
7863
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GEORGES
UKRAINIAN
CHURCH
4th
and
Brunswick
Rev
B
Galarnyk
Pastor
564
4214
our
Heritage
of
lasting
Brotherhood
enables
us
to
say
without
fear
of
contradiction
that
Prince
George
is
indeed
an
example
of
what
can
be
when
people
of
many
beliefs
join
together
to
build
a
Heritage
for
our
youth
Providence
has
indeed
smiled
upon
Prince
George
and
will
continue
to
do
so
as
our
churches
expand
to
meet
the
growing
variety
of
faiths
in
our
com
community
¬
munity
njfeif
I